Internationalization traditionally has been examined using a single theoretical framework in the context of large manufacturing firms.
This analysis facet ensures IE gains in scientific profile within the ongoing context of discussions over neoliberalism and its effects on the world economy. Another aspect present in the literature interrelates IE with the quality of governance and economic liberalization. The motivations and the determinants of informality are common to the majority of the scientific outputs and effectively serving as the analytical basis either for arguing in favor of the formalization of the business. We encounter studies on IE in developing countries as a low-income activity that contributes to the economic development of the region. From among the 139 articles analyzed, the journals Entrepreneurship and Regional Development and Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship stand out as the publishers of the largest number of articles. We sourced the contents thus analyzed from the online Thomson/Reuters-ISI database and the online Scopus database run by the Elsevier Publishing Company, which returned a total of 44 and 95 publications for analysis, respectively. We deploy a combination of bibliometric techniques such as citations, bibliographic coupling as well as approaching the social networks established. This study involves the analysis of the scientific outputs on informal entrepreneurship (IE hereafter) over the period from 1990 to 2016. The theoretical and policy implications are then discussed. After controlling for other determinants of undeclared work, a Probit regression analysis finds a significant 8% higher probability of participation in undeclared work for those who have spent time out of the country compared with the non-migrant population.
The finding is that undeclared work is the sole source of earnings for 21% of the total labour force, but for 26% of those who have spent more than three months abroad, 18% of internal migrants and 22% of those who have not migrated either internally or abroad. To do so, data is reported from a 2015 survey of 6,021 randomly selected respondents aged between 16 and 65 years old in Bosnia and Herzegovina. To examine the relationship between migration and participation in undeclared work, the activity of the domestic population in their home country is analysed according to their previous migration activity. In this paper, a novel approach is pursued by adopting a different unit of analysis. Until now, studies of the relationship between migration and participation in undeclared work have adopted as their unit of analysis the activity of specific migrant groups in their host country.
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